SSAT写作素材之莫奈

莫奈(1840～1926)

Edouard Manet(1840～1926)

Manet was born on January 23, 1832 in Paris. He is often identified with the "Impressionists," and was influenced by them. However, because of the Paris art world's generally hostile regard for "Impressionism," he chose not to exhibit with them. He preferred to show his work in the more conservative exhibitions sponsored by the French government.

Manet learned to paint in the traditional style, but his work became more spontaneous after his exposure to Claude Monet and the other "Impressionists." He used expressive outline, severe lighting contrasts, bold color and rich texture to portray the world around him.

Manet scandalized the people of Paris with a number of works containing nudes painted in bold poses with direct, outward gazes. While it was popular during his time to paint scenes from the Bible and ancient history, Manet painted scenes from 19th Century history, including one work featuring the execution of Emperor Maximillian of Mexico in 1867.

Key words: painter impressionists

    克劳德·莫奈是印象派最具代表性的大画家。19 世纪末到20 世纪初流行于欧洲各国的印象派，注重人对生活的感觉和印象，主张到大自然中，尊重自然和人的感觉印象，影响力极为深远。

    印象主义画家吸取当时科学上的光学理论，认为色是在光的照射下而产生的，在不同时间、环境、气候等客观条件下，受不同光的支配而有各种不同色彩。他们通过写生，发现过去长期不被注意的色彩现象，从而在绘画色彩上引起了重大的革新。例如，过去一般认为草是绿色的，但是如果眺望远方的原野，草却不是绿色，而是青色，如果在晚霞照射下看草，就成为红色或灰色。

    我们欣赏莫奈的油画连作“麦草堆”、 “白杨木”、 “浮翁大教堂”等，最能看出这种特征。他对同一主题反复在一天中的不同时间写生描绘，画出不同的光景与气氛，显出光与色的高明度及鲜明感，交织成光与色彩的华丽交响乐，创作了印象派的颠峰之作。

    莫奈一生遗留五百件素描，两干多幅油画，两干七百封信件。八十六年的生涯，生命力旺盛，创作量庞大。他的足迹从巴黎大街到地中海岸，从法国到伦敦、威尼斯、挪威，经常在各地旅行写生，全力以赴地作风景画。莫奈从早期就迷恋表达阳光，他一生的精力，主要用在表现外光的探索上，一幅幅画作，对外光和空气氛围作了淋漓尽致的描绘。而随着印象派诞生一百多年来受人们的喜爱，莫奈成为享誉非常长久的画家。他画中的各种风景、光波粼粼的水景、花开的原野、浸淫在阳光下行乐度假的人们，吸引无数人的欣赏、惊叹与灵感。莫奈画作的群众魅力，深刻印证了艺术的永恒与人类的文化亲和力。