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TOEFL Junior 阅读理解主旨题详细解析
主旨题(Main idea)
此类考题主要考查考生对文章中的主要观点以及重要信息的归纳和理解能力。这类考题主要包括两种问法:总结 main topic(或main idea)和归纳headline(或title)。
Question(问法):
What is the main topic of the article?
What is the passage mainly about/mostly about?
Which would be the most suitable /appropriate headline for the article?
What would be the best title for this story?
Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
答题要旨:
考生在做题时,首先应排除那些包含文中并未提及的信息和细节的选项,选出最能够概括文章主要观点的选项。
正确的选项会综合整篇文章的主要观点,所以任何细节的选项都不能选。同时,由于正确答案概括了文章每个部分的意义,所以不会与文中的任何一句话完全相同。
考生在做此类试题时,首先要理清整篇文章中的结构和框架,了解作者是如何循序渐进地叙述故事并传达信息的。
抓住每段的中心句或相对重要的信息,这对解答此类问题至关重要。
例题解析:
“Did you see that?” Joe said to his friend Bill. “You’re a great shooter!”
“Bill,you never miss!” Joe said admiringly.
“Unless I’m in a real game,” Bill complained. “Then I miss all the time.”
Joe knew that Bill was right. Bill performed much better when he was having fun with Joe in the school yard than he did when he was playing for the school team in front of a large crowd.
“Maybe you just need to practice more,” Joe suggested.
“But I practice all the time with you!” Bill objected. He shook his head, “I just can’t play well when people are watching me.”
“You play well when I’m watching,” Joe pointed out.
“That’s because I’ve known you since we were five years old,” Bill said with a smile. “I’m just not comfortable playing when other people are around.”
Joe nodded and understood, but he also had an idea.
The next day Joe and Bill met in the school yard again to practice. After a few minutes, Joe excused himself.
“Practice without me,” Joe said to his friend.
“I'll be back in a minute.”
Joe hurried through the school building, gathering together whomever he could find—two students, a math teacher, two secretaries, and a janitor. When Joe explained why he needed them, everyone was happy to help.
Joe reminded the group to stay quiet as they all went toward the school’s basketball court. As Joe had hoped, Bill was still practicing basketball. He made five baskets in a row without noticing the silent people standing behind him.
“Hey,Bill!” Joe called out finally.
Bill turned. A look of surprise came over his face.
“I just wanted to show you that you could play well with people watching you,” Joe said. “Now you’ll have nothing to worry about for the next game!”
What would be the best title for the story?
A. Joe Joins the Team
B. Practice Makes Perfect
C. Bill Wins the Big Game
D. Bill’s Basketball Problem
短文情景解析:
故事讲述的是球技很好的Bill在很多人围观的比赛中总是发挥不好,于是他的朋友Joe想出一个办法让Bill摆脱困境。故事与Joe是否参加球队毫无关系,所以排除选项A。选项B很有道理,但不是文章想要表达的内容,因为Bill的心理障碍不是靠练习就能消除的。故事中也未提到Bill是否赢得了比赛,故排除选项C。
“The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous bridge in San Francisco. The bridge has a red color, but gray clouds often surround it. On clear days people come to take pictures of the bridge. The pictures show the green hills next to the bridge and the blue water under it.”
What is this text mostly about?
A. Gray clouds
B. San Francisco
C. A famous bridge
D. Taking photographs
解析:
这段话是从一篇文章中截取出来的。考生通过阅读可知,段落中共有4句话,每句话都出现了“bridge” 这个词。其中前两句话的主语都是“the …bridge”,且最后两句也都是围绕这座桥展开的。由此,考生可以轻松地判断出这个段落讨论的主要内容就是“ famous bridge” 及选项C。选项A、B、和D都属于细节信息或次要信息,并非段落主要讨论的对象。
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